Decision making processes in people with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction: qualitative study

Objective To identify, the themes that influence decision making processes used by patients with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting Two district hospitals in North Yorkshire. Participants 22 patients admitted to hospital with confirmed second, third, or fourth acute myocardial infarction. Main outcome measure Patients' perceptions of their experience between the onset of symptoms and the decision to seek medical help. Results Six main themes that influence the decision making process were identified: appraisal of In symptoms, perceived risk, previous experience, psychological and emotional factors, use of the NHS, and context of the event. Conclusions Knowledge of symptoms may not be enough to promote prompt action in the event of an acute myocardial infarction. Cognitive and emotional processes, individual beliefs and values, and the influence of the context of the event should also be considered in individual interventions designed to reduce delay in the event of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction

The development and application of fecal indexes for predicting dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility and fecal dry matter output

Analytical analyses were conducted upon thirty-six fecal samples obtained from two digestion trials to determine Dry Matter, Nitrogen, Acid Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Lignin and Urobilinogen. In addition, individual in vivo Digestible Dry Matter was calculated from total fecal collection procedures. A technique was developed for quantitative urobilinogen analysis of dried fecal samples. From these independent variables cited, and the independent variable animal weight, equations were developed for predicting Fecal Dry Matter Output, Dry Matter Intake, Digestible Dry Matter, and Digestible Dry Matter Intake. A prediction equation was developed which accounted for over 43 percent of the variation in Fecal Dry Matter Output (P\u27\u3c 0.0003). The equation included the independent variable Urobilinogen. Acid Detergent Lignin, and Animal Weight. It was found that 78 percent of the variation in Dry Matter Intake (P \u3c 0.0001) could be explained by an equation containing the independent variables Nitrogen, Acid Detergent Lignin, and Urobilinogen Cubed. An equation including the independent variables Nitrogen, Acid Detergent Lignin, Acid Detergent Fiber, and the Natural Log of Urobilinogen explained 67 percent of the variation in Digestible Dry Matter (P \u3c 0.0001). Digestible Dry Matter Intake was found to be the most predictable of all the dependent variables studied. Almost 83 percent of the variation in Digestible Dry Matter Intake (P \u3c 0.0001) was accounted for by an equation containing the independent variables Nitrogen, Acid Detergent Fiber, and Urobilinogen Cubed. The large amount of explainable variation in the dependent variables considered in this study was achieved by using different regression equations for each dependent variable to be predicted. It was concluded, therefore, that no one fecal index could best explain the variation in all dependent variables of interest. Rather, several fecal indexes must be employed if more than one dependent variable is to be predicted. The value of fecal indexes in the evaluation of grazed forages is supported by the results of this study

Cotton varieties in Tennessee, 1928-1931

From the cotton variety study in Tennessee, from 1928 through 1931, the following questions arise: What varieties are grown? What is the trend? What is the effect of present practices on the quality of cotton produced? Where are these varieties grown? Are there many one-variety farms? What is the possibility of establishing one-variety communities? What is the quality of seed used by producers? An effort will be made in this report to answer as many of these, and related questions, as time and available information will permit

CO aperture synthesis of NGC 4038/9 (ARP 244)

Researchers present high-resolution (approx. 6 seconds) CO observations of the merging galaxies NGC 4038/9 made with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) Millimeter Wave Interferometer. The CO observations of Arp 244 were obtained between April and June 1988 using the OVRO Millimeter Wave Interferometer. Two fields with phase centers near the NGC 4039 nucleus and near the NGC 4038 nucleus were observed. The size of the synthesized beam is approximately 6.5 x 7 seconds at PA=72 degrees. The rms in a single cleaned channel map is 0.06 Jy beam(exp -1), corresponding to a brightness temperature of 0.12 K over the synthesized beam. Contour maps of the integrated CO intensity for both interferometer fields are shown. Three CO concentrations are evident. Two are centered near the nuclei of NGC 4038 and NGC 4039, closely correlated with H alpha and radio continuum maxima. A third CO emission region lies about 25 seconds northeast of the NGC 4039 nucleus. A number of radio continuum, H alpha, and 10 micron emission knots appear in this region. The total integrated intensity at the northern nuclear source, 302 K km/s, leads to a molecular mass of 8.3 by 10 to the 8th power solar mass assuming a Galactic CO to H2 conversion factor of 3.0 x 10 to the 20th power H2 cm(-2) (K km/s)(-1). The integrated CO intensity of the southern nuclear source leads to a molecular mass of 2.4 x 10 to the 8th solar mass. The extranuclear CO concentration contains 1.2 x 10 to the 9th power solar mass of molecular gas, extending over 170 km/s, and is resolved in a number of channels. Its large size, mass, and morphology strongly suggest that it is an agglomeration of several clumps

The Spitzer South Pole Telescope Deep Field Survey: Linking galaxies and halos at z=1.5

We present an analysis of the clustering of high-redshift galaxies in the recently completed 94 deg$^2$ Spitzer-SPT Deep Field survey. Applying flux and color cuts to the mid-infrared photometry efficiently selects galaxies at $z\sim1.5$ in the stellar mass range $10^{10}-10^{11}M_\odot$, making this sample the largest used so far to study such a distant population. We measure the angular correlation function in different flux-limited samples at scales $>6^{\prime \prime}$ (corresponding to physical distances $>0.05$ Mpc) and thereby map the one- and two-halo contributions to the clustering. We fit halo occupation distributions and determine how the central galaxy's stellar mass and satellite occupation depend on the halo mass. We measure a prominent peak in the stellar-to-halo mass ratio at a halo mass of $\log(M_{\rm halo} / M_\odot) = 12.44\pm0.08$, 4.5 times higher than the $z=0$ value. This supports the idea of an evolving mass threshold above which star formation is quenched. We estimate the large-scale bias in the range $b_g=2-4$ and the satellite fraction to be $f_\mathrm{sat}\sim0.2$, showing a clear evolution compared to $z=0$. We also find that, above a given stellar mass limit, the fraction of galaxies that are in similar mass pairs is higher at $z=1.5$ than at $z=0$. In addition, we measure that this fraction mildly increases with the stellar mass limit at $z=1.5$, which is the opposite of the behavior seen at low-redshift.Comment: 32 pages, 22 figures. Published in MNRA

Discovery of a Radio-loud/Radio-quiet Binary Quasar

We report the discovery of a small separation quasar pair (z=0.586, O=18.4, 19.2, sep. = 2.3 arcsec) associated with the radio source FIRST J164311.3+315618 (S_1400 = 120 mJy). The spectrum of the brighter quasar (A) has a much stronger narrow emission-line spectrum than the other (B), and also stronger Balmer lines relative to the continuum. The continuum ratio of the spectra is flat in the blue at about 2.1, but falls to 1.5 at longer wavelengths. A K' image shows two unresolved sources with a flux ratio of 1.3. The different colors appear to result from the contribution of the host galaxy of B, which is evident from Ca II and high-order Balmer absorption lines indicative of a substantial young stellar population. New 3.6 cm VLA observations show that the compact radio source is coincident with quasar A (B is only marginally detected). We rule out the lensing hypothesis because the optical flux ratio is A/B = 1.2 to 2, while the radio flux ratio is A/B > 40, and conclude that this system is a binary. Moreover, the radio-loud quasar is a compact steep spectrum source. FIRST J164311.3+315618A, B is the lowest redshift and smallest separation binary quasar yet identified.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Beyond Absurd: Jim Thorpe and a Proposed Taxonomy for the Absurdity Doctrine

In light of the Third Circuit\u27s recent decision interpreting the Native American Graves Repatriation Act, this Article argues that the Supreme Court must clarify the Absurdity Doctrine of statutory interpretation. The Article offers a framework for doing so

A Sr-Rich Star on the Main Sequence of Omega Centauri

Abundance ratios relative to iron for carbon, nitrogen, strontium and barium are presented for a metal-rich main sequence star ([Fe/H]=--0.74) in the globular cluster omega Centauri. This star, designated 2015448, shows depleted carbon and solar nitrogen, but more interestingly, shows an enhanced abundance ratio of strontium [Sr/Fe] ~ 1.6 dex, while the barium abundance ratio is [Ba/Fe]<0.6 dex. At this metallicity one usually sees strontium and barium abundance ratios that are roughly equal. Possible formation scenarios of this peculiar object are considered.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. Accepted to ApJ